It was intended to guide the spacecraft once they had achieved Earth orbit. Margaret Hamilton Biography, Facts & Life Story. ..and your little dog, too!" The woman behind of cinema's most iconic villains, Cleveland-born Margaret . Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 1958. In 1954, she graduated from Thomas Hancock High School in Minnesota. In 1945, she played the domineering sister of Oz co-star Jack Haley in George White's Scandals, comically trying to prevent him from marrying actress Joan Davis, even going so far as to throw a hatchet at her. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Hamilton had to recuperate in a hospital and at home for six weeks after the accident before returning to the set to complete her work on the film and refused to have anything further to do with fire for the rest of the filming. For her last stage role, she was cast as Madame Armfeldt in the Stephen Sondheim musical A Little Night Music, singing the song "Liaisons" for the national tour costarring with Jean Simmons as her daughter Desiree. Heres how it works. For her work, she was honored with the Presidential Medal. Biography. Corrections? [16] Hamilton also served as Director of the Software Engineering Division. And what had happened was it was tricky programming, and the person who wrote it took delight in the fact that all of his comments were in Greek and Latin. Moore Boeck. [4][5] The family later moved to Michigan,[6] where Margaret graduated from Hancock High School in 1954. Margaret Hamilton (* 17. srpna 1936 Paoli) je americk softwarov inenrka a podnikatelka. [20] Hamilton's team was responsible for developing in-flight software,[21] which included algorithms designed by various senior scientists for the Apollo command module, Apollo lunar module, and the subsequent Skylab. [14] The SAGE Project was an extension of Project Whirlwind, started by MIT to create a computer system that could predict weather systems and track their movements using simulators. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Hamilton said: What they used to do when you came into this organization as a beginner, was to assign you this program which nobody was able to ever figure out or get to run. [14] On October 30, 1975, she guest-starred on the radio revival series CBS Radio Mystery Theater. Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. She lived in Manhattan for most of her adult life, and summered in a cottage on Cape Island, Southport, Maine. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Margaret Hamilton, ne Margaret Heafield, (born August 17, 1936, Paoli, Indiana, U.S.), American computer scientist who was one of the first computer software programmers; she created the term software engineer to describe her work. [36], Hamilton's priority alarm displays interrupted the astronauts' normal displays to warn them that there was an emergency "giving the astronauts a go/no go decision (to land or not to land)". Armstrong had no time for lengthy explanations. After graduating in 1958, she taught high-school mathematics for a short time. And sometimes when I go to schools, if we're in an auditorium, I'll do it. Omissions? In The Paul Lynde Halloween Special (1976), she portrayed Lynde's housekeeper, reprising the Wicked Witch role, as well as introducing Lynde to the rock group Kiss. The crowning mission, Apollo 11 in July 1969, saw Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descend all the way to the surface in the lunar module, safely return to the command module (piloted by Mike Collins) and make it home to Earth. [27] Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Having started on the stage in the early 1930s, she began to work extensively in the theater after leaving Los Angeles. Her solution: when you see a priority display, first count to In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. In those years, there were no programming languages like at the end of the 20th century. Hamilton spent six weeks recovering from the incident and refused to do any more fire-related stunts on the film set. Discover today's celebrity birthdays and explore famous people who share your birthday. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. I was the first one to get it to work. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented on November 22, 2016 by the President of the United States, for her brilliant work during the Apollo missions in the 1960s. In a few seconds he had to decide whether to land on the moon despite the risk or abort the landing and return with the honey on his lips. [48] Others have used HOS to formalize the semantics of linguistic quantifiers,[49] and to formalize the design of reliable real-time embedded systems. She loved and doted upon children all her life. [24] She worked to gain hands-on experience during a time when computer science courses were uncommon and software engineering courses did not exist. Margaret Hamilton's net worth It was an ongoing joke for a long time. She is one of the people credited with coining the term "software engineering". [66], She met her first husband, James Cox Hamilton,[80] in the mid-1950s while attending college. Qualification: BA in Mathematics with a Minor in Philosophy, College: Earlham College, University of Michigan, Profession: Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner, Known For: Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed On-board Flight Software for NASAs Apollo Space Program, James Cox Hamilton; (m. 1958; div. A century earlier, she had a worthy British predecessor named Ada Lovelace. For her work during this period, Hamilton has been credited with popularizing the concept of software engineering. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Although Margaret planned to study abstract mathematics at Brandeis University, she accepted a job at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) while her husband attended Harvard Law School. The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. "From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission," she said. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Daneman's nephew refused to meet Hamilton because even though he understood she was an actress, he thought it was still possible she really was like the character in the movie. Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio and practiced her craft doing children's theater while she was a Junior League of Cleveland member. For this Laboratory, she developed codes for new programming routines. marriedcelebrity; April 19, 2019; Celebrity Gossip; Born as Margaret Heafield, she is an American system engineer, computer scientist and a woman entrepreneur as well. What followed next were brief messages from Apollo 11 to Robledo de Chabela in Spain; and from Spain to Houston, where Margaret was; from Houston to Robledo; and from Robledo to Apollo 11. By some accounts, the astronauts had inadvertently left the rendezvous radar switch on, causing these alarms to be triggered (the claim that the radar was left on inadvertently by the astronauts is disputed by Robert Wills with the National Museum of Computing[29]). Planetary science is a global profession. Her father, Thomas Storey, was the founder of the Stanford University School of Health. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. At MIT, Margaret Hamilton was on the staff of the Draper Laboratory, founded in 1932 by Dr. Charles Stark Draper. Hat, Coat and Glove. She appeared in The Phil Silvers Show episode S2E20 Bilko Enters Politics (05 February 1957). When she was 80 years old, on November 22, 2016, Margaret Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented by the President of the United States, Barack Obama, for her work at NASA during the Apollo missions. Later in life, she would comment on the role of the witch in a light-hearted fashion. 1. In later years, Hamilton appeared in films and made frequent cameo appearances on television sitcoms and commercials. The award included $37,200, the largest amount awarded to any individual in NASA's history. By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Barack Obama presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Her husband is Paul Boynton Meserve (13 June1931 - 20 May1938)( divorced)( 1 child). What are the Van Allen Belts and why do they matter? [4], Hamilton then joined the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory at MIT, which worked on the Apollo Space Mission. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Hamilton's plain looks helped to bring steady work as a character actress. Her name was clearly visible when the entire Apollo 11 source code was released on GitHub in 2016; according to MIT, the first full line of the software read, "SUBMITTED: MARGARET H. HAMILTON DATE: 28 MAR 69 / M.H.HAMILTON, COLOSSUS PROGRAMMING LEADER / APOLLO GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION.". [22][16] Another part of her team designed and developed the systems software. If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). Hamilton's line from The Wizard of Oz "I'll get you, my pretty, and your little dog, too!" [19] She later moved to Millbrook, New York. She is a member of famous Actress with the age 83 years old group. "The NASA Heritage of Creativity." The Directors verdict reached Neil on the radio: GO, Go ahead, free. Learn How rich is She in this year and how She spends money? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2018-2023, All Rights Reserved Super Stars Bio. Contrary to her character, one of the top villains in movie . Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. It turned out that the astronaut checklist, which governed the actions the crew had to do before landing, had the crew set the rendezvous radar hardware switch in the wrong position. and he said 'Maggie, they want you to play a part on the Wizard.' Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). and they continued. Biography in: "The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives". It is possible to find relevant details of the biography of this extraordinary pioneer on many websites. [4] She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955 before transferring to Earlham College, where her mother was a student;[7][8] she earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy in 1958. The contract was awarded just weeks before then-President John F. Kennedy announced that he planned to have humans on the moon by the end of the decade. [2] Before she turned to acting exclusively, her parents insisted she attend Wheelock College in Boston, which she did, later becoming a kindergarten teacher. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. While a decision was made in the moment to let the astronauts land, Hamilton pointed out that a fault analysis was done to see where the error was made. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio to Jennie and Walter Hamilton. (Apollo 13 aborted before landing due to an explosion in the command module's service area.). Hamilton and Morgan never share any scenes in Oz. The pipe exploded on the third take of the scene. Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. It is ironic that her performance as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939) was so scary to children, because her first job was as a kindergarten teacher. Not because of his acceptance of the new 'term' per se, but because we had earned his and the acceptance of the others in the room as being in an engineering field in its own right. Click here if you want to see this biography in Spanish translation. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". In later years, Hamilton made frequent . And there's always a funny reaction, like 'Ye gods, they wish they hadn't asked.' On August 17, 1936, Margaret Hamilton (ne Heafield) was born to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield in Paoli, Indiana. [15], Hamilton remained a lifelong friend of The Wizard of Oz castmate Ray Bolger (the scarecrow). In the episode, entitled "Triptych for a Witch," Hamilton played the title role. [10] She also made personal appearances, and Hamilton described the children's usual reaction to her portrayal of the Witch: Almost always they want me to laugh like the Witch. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998. [7][9] She cites Florence Long, the head of the math department at Earlham, as helping with her desire to pursue abstract mathematics and become a mathematics professor. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. She also wrote a program for the Cambridge Air Force Research Laboratory. In addition to requiring a deep understanding of computers, it was not easy to write just over 400,000 lines of code that were inserted into the operating system of the lunar module in the Apollo missions. [16] A Republican, she supported the campaign of Dwight Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election. Soon after, Neil Armstrong radioed the expected message to Houston: The Eagle has landed, The Eagle has landed. Later in the decade, she was in a little-known film noir, titled Bungalow 13 (1948), in which she again costarred opposite Cromwell. In 2003, she was given the NASA Exceptional Space Act Award for scientific and technical contributions. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. They liked to kid me about my radical ideas. Played Aunt Eva on the radio series Ethel and Albert in the 1940s and 1950s . Check out Margaret Hamilton's Bio Now She was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. Hamilton was initially hired as a programmer for this process but moved on into systems design. She appeared regularly in supporting roles in films until the early 1950s and sporadically thereafter. This system played a crucial role just before the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969. At the time, no schools taught software engineering, so the team members had to work out any problems on their own. UConnToday, 23 April 2013. They like to hear it but they 'don't' like to hear it. Her son, interviewed for the 2005 DVD edition of the film, commented that Hamilton enjoyed the line so much, she sometimes used it in her real life. SAGE was soon developed for military use in anti-aircraft air defense. According to Wired's Karen Tegan Padir: "She, along with that other early programming pioneer, COBOL inventor Grace Hopper, also deserve tremendous credit for helping to open the door for more women to enter and succeed in STEM fields like software. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Hamilton-American-computer-scientist, Space.com - Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer, Wired - Her Code Got Humans on the Moon - And Invented Software Itself, Margaret Hamilton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Margaret Hamilton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Mutual respect was across the board. President Barack Obama presents Apollo code developer Margaret Hamilton (at left) and "Apollo 13" actor Tom Hanks (right) with the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Nov. 22, 2016. What I do?!!! However, once there, she preferred to accept work at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), as a software developer. [2010]. Design & Development: Hamilton has a diverse background, including an undergraduate degree in mathematics from Earlham College in Indiana, and postgraduate work in meteorology at MIT. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. Margaret Hamilton was born in 1936 in the United States. The content of the programs was printed on continuous paper and stored in large folders. We knew that. This overloaded the central processing unit during the landing, but fortunately, the software recovered in the heated moments before Apollo 11 touched down. What are the characteristics of the Solar System? [17], It was her efforts on this project that made her a candidate for the position at NASA as the lead developer for Apollo flight software. Miss Hamilton Sings 1840 Song at Play House", "Wicked Witch of the West not always a fright sight", "Wizard of Oz 'witch' loved her Maine island", "Actress Margaret Hamilton, the Wicked Witch of the West", Margaret Hamilton correspondence and ephemera, 1944-1979, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamilton_(actress)&oldid=1138589927, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Vague or ambiguous geographic scope from March 2014, Internet Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Internet Off-Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Turner Classic Movies person ID different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Epiisode: "An Eye for an Eye" (S 2:Ep 35), Episode: "Bilko Enters Politics" (S 2:Ep 20), This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 13:49. She was born on August 17, 1936, which makes Margaret Hamilton age be 82 years old as of now. In 1973, Hamilton produced the stage production of An Evening with the Bourgeoisie. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Bill Dunford If the latter case, this would be Hamilton's third but uncredited role. She served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951 and was a Sunday school teacher during the 1950s. Hamilton has published more than 130 papers, proceedings, and reports, about sixty projects, and six major programs. Margaret Hamilton Computer Scientist MIT Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at MIT. ", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. In 1960, producer/director William Castle cast Hamilton as a housekeeper in his 13 Ghosts horror film, in which 12-year-old lead Charles Herbert's character taunts her about being a witch, including the final scene, in which she is holding a broom in her hand. In 1965 Margaret was named responsible for the development of the flight software for the computers that would go on board the Apollo spacecraft. Managing Editor: ", /system/people/detail_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton.jpg, /system/people/list_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton_320.jpg. Margaret Hamilton Storey (July 31, 1900 - October 18, 1960) was an American museum curator, herpetologist and ichthyologist.She worked for the Stanford University Natural History Museum for over 25 years. The picture made a terrible impression of some kind on them, sometimes a ghastly impression, but most of them got over it, I guess because when I talk like the Witch, and when I laugh, there is a hesitation and then they clap. She helped write the computer code for the command and lunar modules used on the Apollo missions to the Moon in the late 1960s and early 70s. We took our work seriously, many of us beginning this journey while still in our 20s. In 1933, Hamilton was invited to repeat her stage role of the sarcastic daughter-in-law in the Broadway play Another Language for the MGM film version. [4] They divorced in 1967 and Margaret married Dan Lickly two years later.[80][82]. According to MIT, this was the first air defense system for the country and helped to push forward digital computing in the 1950s and 1960s. [7] Studio executives cut some of Hamilton's more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. [11], In Boston, Hamilton initially intended to enroll in graduate study in abstract mathematics at Brandeis University. She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in the 1950s and later earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy from Earlham College in 1958. She became very concerned about the role's effect on children, and finally did a guest spot on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968) to explain that the Witch was just a character in the film, and not herself. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in . skywriting sequence at the Emerald City. She was contributing writer for Space.com (opens in new tab) for 10 years before joining full-time, freelancing since 2012. Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 May 16, 1985) was an American actress and educator. Her "priority display" innovation had created a knock-on risk that astronaut and computer would slip out of synch just when it mattered most. Hamilton also toured in many plays and musicals, even repeating her role of the Wicked Witch in specially written stage productions of The Wizard of Oz. She soon transferred, however, to Earlham College in Indiana where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics, with a minor in philosophy. The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. She had three grandchildren, Christopher, Scott, and Margaret. By 1968, she was in charge of all Command Module software, which was all the software for navigation and lunar landing guidance. [17], Hamilton's early experience as a teacher fueled a lifelong interest in educational issues. In one of the critical moments of the Apollo 11 mission, the Apollo Guidance Computer, together with the on-board flight software, averted an abort of the landing on the Moon. Margaret Hamilton, ne Margaret Heafield, (born August 17, 1936, Paoli, Indiana, U.S.), American computer scientist who was one of the first computer software programmers; she created the term software engineer to describe her work. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and (soon) a Bachelor of History from Athabasca University. City Without Men. In the 1960s, Hamilton was a regular on another CBS soap opera, The Secret Storm, playing the role of Grace Tyrell's housekeeper, Katie. By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office Her latest book, "Why Am I Taller? "Kindergarten Lost Margaret Hamilton." The man had reached the Moon. Her other mid-1970s stage productions, as the producer, were The Three Sisters and House Party.[where? Margaret Hamiltons income source is mostly from being a successful Actress. She strove to work as much as possible to support herself and her son; she never put herself under contract to any one studio and priced her services at $1,000 ($18,800 with inflation[4]) a week.[5]. Profiled in "American Classic Screen Interviews" (Scarecrow Press). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Margaret Elaine Hamilton (born Heafield on August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. The studio hired a new stunt double, Aline Goodwin, to finish the broomstick-riding scene for Danko.[9]. was ranked 99th in the 2005 American Film Institute survey of the most memorable movie quotes. It then sent out an alarm, which meant to the astronaut, 'I'm overloaded with more tasks than I should be doing at this time and I'm going to keep only the more important tasks'; i.e., the ones needed for landing Actually, the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions.
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