how does douglass refute this counterclaim? how does douglass refute this counterclaim?

An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. I will also contrast how Douglass' view was very similar to that of the women in antebellum America, and the role that Christianity played in his life as a slave and then. [10] See, for example, Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of the Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One, Vol. In the postwar decades, Douglasss initially bright hopes for rapid, lasting reforms faded as the nations governing majority, weary of conflict, flagged in its commitment to enforcing the civil and political rights of the freedpeople in the ex-rebel states. in Professional Writing and Rhetoric from the University of New Orleans and a B.A. Your argument can be summed up quickly. He claims that African Americans like himself have been denied the freedom that the holiday supports. June 14, 2022 The conclusion ties to the claim and. He allowed that Lincolns election has demonstrated the possibility of electingan anti-slavery reputation to the Presidency of the United States.[24] But an anti-slavery reputation was a far cry from a genuine abolitionist, in Douglasss estimation, and Douglass at first expected little of Lincoln, who did not share his radically abolitionist reading of the Constitution. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. How did Frederick Douglass learn to read? position? Note that the only factual claim on the topic is the claim of fact. I know of no country where the conditions for affecting great changes in the settled order of things, for the development of right ideas of liberty and humanity, are more favorable than here in these United States. Body--The body of a five-paragraph essay is three paragraphs. He also refutes a counterclaim presented by those with an opposing view. The one thing needful, then, was to elect an abolitionist governing majority at the federal level. II, p. 375. The authorsTEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLEincludes the threeprintable and digitalresources students need to mastertheCCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. He also goes on to say a number of other things that basically establish that slaves live an easy and good life compared to others. how does douglass refute this counterclaim?kids baking championship where are they now marshall park lunenburg ma where is boca grande beach where is boca grande beach Douglasss great cause was integration, and his great theme was hopefulnessrationally grounded hopefulnessin Americas capacity to secure justice for all, irrespective of race, color, sex, or creed. There he worked proudly as a day laborer and refined his oratorical powers, both as a lay preacher in New Bedfords African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and as a participant in the meetings of local black abolitionists. To many, the U.S. war with Mexico in 1846 signified an imperialist effort to expand the number and power of slaveholding states at the national level, and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850that most foul and fiendish of all human decrees, Douglass would call it[12]effectively nationalized slavery, conscripting non-slaveholding states and citizens in the recapture of persons fleeing for freedom. The effect of abolishing slavery, without conferring equal rights, he contended, would be [to doom] the colored race to a condition indescribably wretched and the dreadful contagion of their vices and crimes would fly like cholera and small pox through all classes. Create your account. How do you think that refuting a misconception strengthened your presentation? A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. Your mom's counterclaim is that you don't need one. I have no country. He could feel no attachment to America, he explained, for reasons that ran deeper than the countrys unjust practices. Douglasss mind was opened to the wisdom of Lincolns statesmanship as he came to see the depth of Lincolns commitment to the anti-slavery cause. a) the regulation of business protected consumers. Let us consider first the difficulties. The counterclaim is the opposite argument which the author addresses in order provide a rebuttal. Add an answer. The body can be organized by reasoning, with the author providing three reasons as the topic sentences for the three paragraphs, then using further reasoning and evidence to prove the topic sentence. II, p. 446. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the writer tries to persuade a particular audience that their claim or point of view is correct. In Stevenss plan, lands belonging to the former Confederate states and their soldiers would be deemed forfeited and then distributed in parcels of 40 acres as homesteads to the freedpeople. The power of education was also a key argument in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, but it was not an argument with a consistent meaning. [30] Life and Writings, Vol. He attempts to demonstrate this in the Narrative by describing some of the horrific experiences he witnessed. [45] Two things are noteworthy about this proposal. [18] Douglass, The Republican PartyOur Position, in Life and Writings, Vol. Explain. In the detective show, evidence is usually physical - like DNA or fingerprints. II, pp. For its first 18 months, Douglass found in Lincolns presidency mostly a confirmation of his doubts. Through his knowledge, he learns more about his situation and potential. Proponents of this skeptical view cite the persistence of racial segregation in neighborhoods and schools; the persistence of stark disparities between black and white Americans in various measures of social and economic well-being; and, most alarmingly, the deepening alienationthe nihilism, as Cornel West candidly named it[2]prevalent among many AfricanAmericans living in urban poverty. Without it, black Americans would remain all too often outside the protection of law, dependent for their rights on white officeholders who lacked any electoral incentive to represent them. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Explain, -no, he/she first denied it, then comes out telling the truth, Write a definition of obstruction based on your understanding of the prefix ob-. Spirited and independent-minded by nature, Douglass could abide mentors only to a limited degree even as a young man. His careful planning paid off in September 1838, when he fled Baltimore disguised as a seaman and made his way ultimately to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he settled, a newly married man, and took the surname Douglass from the hero in Sir Walter Scotts epic poem The Lady of the Lake. Log in here. Frederick Douglass's speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" has many of the elements of a good argumentative structure. State what role curiosity plays in an interview. Douglass proposed the chartering of a national land and loan company empowered to purchase available tracts of land and then to resell or lease those lands to members of the newly emancipated class. Everybody has asked the question, he complained in early 1865, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, What shall we do with the negro after emancipation? Do nothing with us! [50] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 286; Douglass to Stowe, March 8, 1853, in Life and Writings, Vol. He states, The offence for which this girl was thus murdered was this: She had been set that night to mind Mrs. Hickss baby, and during the night she fell asleep, and the baby cried. This anecdote, among many others, is helpful in persuading the reader to understand the severity of rule slaveholders hold above their slaves. At the end of this excerpt, what encouraging signs does Douglass find? how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Rejectthe counterclaim. For radical critics, Americas betrayals of the ideals of liberty and equality for all are betrayals in the nations founding principles rather than betrayals of them. What [Lincoln] said on this day, Douglass wrote in his final autobiography, showed a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him.[26]. He includes personal accounts he received while under the control of multiple different masters. A great deal is at stake in this critique, and it demands a clear, forthright response: These charges against the Founders are false as well as pernicious. 202203 (emphasis added). Every year adds to the black mans numbers. Although Frederick Douglass believes that the only way to freedom for him and his fellow slaves, is through learning how to build on. Douglasss sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor does it mean that he had resorted to blaming the victim or placing exclusive responsibility on the freedpeople for their condition. A claim of cause and effect is a claim that one thing influences or affects another. He can no longer stand his new sense of education and knowledge. The reasoning is about the cost of the death penalty, while the evidence is about racial disparities in the implementation of the death penalty. This reassuring view is not, however, the prevailing opinion among postCivil Rights Era scholars and activists concerned with race relations. Douglass refutes Fitzhughs pro-slavery argument of the average slave living an ideal life, by disproving early ideas of the free labor system and paternalism through real life encounters of the physical oppression slaves faced on the day to day basis in the forms of inhumane treatment and violence, as well as the true harsh, The brutality that slaves endured form their masters and from the institution of slavery caused slaves to be denied their god given rights. In that position, Douglasss fame grew rapidly, and with it came controversy and heightened personal danger. [48] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Copyright 2009-2023 Pennington Publishing. He gives reasons for this claim and backs them up with evidence. Douglass unveils the atrocious truth about slavery that was hidden for so many years. (b) How early in the speech does he introduce this claim? Evidence - something that proves the truth of a claim, or leads to a . [34] Douglass, Let the Negro Alone, May 11, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. At the same time, Douglass' exploration of Christianity, and its hypocrisy when used to justify slavery, and the idea that the promise of freedom cannot be realized when a group of people are enslaved, helps to bolster the claims that slavery is America's "original sin.". Douglass made these appeals to greatest effect in the most popular and frequently presented of his postwar speeches, his lecture on Self-Made Men. After briefly considering a few alternative explanations of worldly success, Douglass declares it evident that we may explain success mainly by one word and that word is work! The first step in her transition from kindness to cruelty is when she is instructed to cease teaching Frederick Douglass to read. She has something to say against your claim that you need a new cell phone, and it goes something like, 'No, you don't.'. Reiterating at the end of his life a powerful theme of his earliest writings, Douglass insisted that educationmeans emancipation. Although abolitionists including Douglass had assailed Lincoln for his seeming reluctance to strike at slavery, Douglass now conceded the superiority of Lincolns judgment: Had he put the abolition of slavery before the salvation of the Union, he would have inevitably driven from him a powerful class of the American people and rendered resistance to rebellion impossible. Wiki User. This seemingly contrarian hopefulness was no mere exercise in morale-boosting. To the contrary, it was a hard-won achievement, and as such, it contains valuable lessons for all Americans and especially for those who, like the young Douglass himself, find themselves dispirited about their place and prospects in their country. In response, however, influential scholars and activists have embraced a radical critique of America that is much more likely to worsen those problems than it is to resolve them. Finally, in the introduction is the thesis (claim). Aside from all the, Patrick Henry once said, give me liberty, or give me death. In the eyes of Frederick Douglass and countless others enslaved, this took on a much deeper meaning to them. That's evidence. No people can prosper, Douglass reiterated late in life, unless they have a home, or the hope of a home; and to have a home, one must have a country.[61] America was AfricanAmericans proper home, he maintained, their only realistic alternative and also the locus of their highest ideals. What did Frederick Douglass oppose? A reader can see bleak picture of black slavery from the narration of Frederick Douglass who confronts brutal conduct of white masters throughout his childhood. : Da Capo Press, 2001), p. 688. Whereas Douglass from the outset called urgently and insistently for the Civil Wars prosecution as an abolition war, Lincoln saw in such a course of action only a self-destructive rashnessa premature radicalizing of the war, most likely to result in the disaffection of vital allies and, ultimately, the catastrophic failure of the Union cause. That which is inhuman, cannot be divine! The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. Power, Protest, and Change Test (blonde davis, Intro To Business Chapter Three (Part Two), The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. His argument is reinforced though a variety of anecdotes, many of which detailed strikingly bloody, horrific scenes and inhumane cruelty on the part of the slaveholders. The body of the essay is three paragraphs and contains the author's reasoning, evidence, and counterclaims. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought processes of the various slave owners help to substantiate his assertion. A claim is an argument in statement form. The reasons of an argument are the reasoning or logical proof provided to prove the argument. Drawing upon that faith, he taught black Americans and all other Americans to stand up for justice and to strive for excellence. [62] Abraham Lincoln, Annual Message to Congress, December 1, 1862, in Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings, ed. Reasons for a claim can also be written as a "because" statement with the claim: the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. Its easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglasss time no one thought that it was. While this quote is from a credible source (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics), it merely restates the claim and reasoning, rather than providing actual evidence to support it. This meant first the reintegration of a country still badly divided by sectionalism in the immediate aftermath of the war. Ivo Silveira 8877, km. IV, p. 420. All rights reserved. The three other claims are up for debate and need to be supported by a lot more reasoning and evidence in order to persuade an audience to believe the argument. He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. [28] Douglass, Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Taking a long view, Douglass judged that there was no greater danger to the elevation of black people and the integration of America than this spirit of alienation. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. Pick the best evidence to support the opposing point of view. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. 9 chapters | The most telling, the most killing, refutation of slavery, he wrote to Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853, is the presentation of an industrious, enterprising, thrifty, and intelligent free black population. Ever confident in the power of virtue to dispel prejudice, Douglass affirmed in 1883 that the moral government of the universe is on our side. 59 lessons. In our example, you would need to give or cite some concrete evidence like, 'According to research, students with Internet access on their phones are more likely to make the Honor Roll.' The conclusion of the essay is one paragraph and contains an overarching summary of the argument as well as any implications this argument may have moving forward. Get the Writing Style Posters FREE Resource: Grammar/Mechanics, Literacy Centers, Study Skills, Writing argument essay, argumentative essay, common core writing standards, counterargument sentence frames, Counterarguments, Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, counterclaim sentence frames, counterclaim transitions, Counterclaims, essay argument, essay strategies, Mark Pennington, Opposing Claims, rebut, Rebuttal, Refutation, refute, Teaching Essay Strategies, writing style, and receive a free welcome gift! If I told my mom that bit about the Internet access and the Honor Roll, you can bet she would make me prove it by showing it to her. He never had a pair of shoes, no matter how cold it got ,and had only a single thin shift to wear, summer and winter. We want no black Ireland in America, he warned in response to the Supreme Courts disappointing ruling in the Civil Rights Cases in 1883no American counterpart to the aggrieved, unproductive, disproportionately criminal (under)class that Douglass viewed as the natural issue of Englands injustice. How to Teach Essaysincludes 42 skill-based essay strategy worksheets (fillable PDFs and 62 Google slides), beginning with simple 3-word paragraphs and proceeding step-by-step to complex multi-paragraph essays. Douglass discovers that a slave was set free by persuading his master, and as a result, this information makes Douglass an avid learner. After your mom's counterclaim, she'll probably ask, 'Why is it that you think you need a new cell phone? In an argument, your, 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access,' would need to be beefed up a little, to, 'My current cell phone doesn't provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.' Some of his works are obvious and others are a bit harder to see. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. [5] As Abraham Lincoln and many others have observed, the claim that the Founders regarded blacks or nonwhites as beings lacking equal natural rights is altogether false. It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. Evidence is the facts or research to support your claim. I, p. 311. by | Jun 10, 2022 | flores para iglesia matrimonio | poway high school bell schedule 2021 | Jun 10, 2022 | flores para iglesia matrimonio | poway high school bell schedule 2021 In fact, weve already writtenour argumentative essays on whether Phoebe was a good friend to Sal. Of course the writing prompt is a bit more complex. As for the kind of cradle-to-grave care slaves get, Douglass graphically describes the frequent and brutal beatings his master, Mr. Auld, dealt out, and then discusses his own treatment as a child slave on the plantation. Slaverys primary victims, mostly knowing nothing of the Declaration itself, would corroborate its truth by their various acts of resistance, displaying their natural love of liberty and their moral humanity as rights-possessors. to confirm your understanding of the speech. Over one hundred years after Frederick Douglasss death, this teaching has lost none of its essential vitality. He not only. Douglass made these particular remarks in a speech at the dedication of an industrial education institution in the state of Virginia, but they represent an extension of his broader advocacy, in this period, of a federally established system of public schools. Frederick Douglass went on to write books and give speeches in hope that one day all slaves would be free. In that speech, often considered the greatest of all abolitionist speeches, he excoriated Americas injustices no less vigorously than he ever had, but he took great care to distinguish Americas practice from its first principles and the actions of its subsequent generations from those of its Founders. The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. eNotes Editorial, 21 Jan. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-frederick-douglass-s-overall-claim-in-the-152137. prepaid financial services wolverhampton; lecture analytique petit pays chapitre 23. naval special warfare command quarterdeck; where is wildwood soda made; frankenstein chapter 5 literary devices; jacob degrom haircut video; how to clean beswood meat slicer; -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? Finally, answer the question at the bottom of the page. Introduction--The introduction of a five-paragraph essay is one paragraph. When you're preparing an argument, make sure to note where you got your evidence. parentheses that agrees with the subject. He cites literacy as a pathway to humanity and ultimately freedom, one which he ironically discovered when Mr. Auld made his feelings about black literacy known. [2] Cornel West, Race Matters (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993), chapter 1. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass was convinced, represent a permanent, universal truth as well as the most practically powerful moral and political theory ever conceived. Formulated more precisely, his demand Let [the Negro] alone meant Give him fair play and let him alone, but be sure you give him fair play.[34] In its most general meaning, fair play or justice to black Americans was to be determined by a principle of non-exceptionalism. In August 1845, two months after his book was published, Douglass fled to Great Britain, where his speeches won him international fame. V, pp. III, pp. II, pp. Using stories to illustrate each of his points, Douglass shows that black slaves only tell whites they are happy to avoid retribution, that they sing to mourn and lament their fate, and that owners who have gone to revival meetings and come back "converted" to Christianity feel even more emboldened to beat and mistreat their slaves, because it is Biblically sanctioned that slaves must obey their masters. 411, 414. A claim is the main argument. [13] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 392. ALL Shopping Rod. Counterclaims are arguments of the opposing side which the author will address. IV, p. 68 (emphasis in original). [54] Douglass, To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. Your claim is that you need a new cell phone. Pro-slavery whites pointed out that black people, when questioned, said they were happy with their situation. Rebecca Simon is an ELA and social studies Master Teacher. Objecting to the efforts of some white benevolent societies, he urged his black compatriots indignantly to reject any condition of dependence: A new condition has brought new duties. Note that every step of the argument is supported by credible evidence. Douglas first swam alone in the pool to remove his residual doubts about his fear of water. Here, where universal suffrage is the ruleto rule us out is to make us an exception, to brand us with the stigma of inferiority, and to invite to our heads the missiles of those about us.[38], This was no merely abstract consideration. The proper remedy for these violations, as he conceived of it, was in accord with this conviction. Throughout his postwar career, he remained acutely aware of the depth of the injuries inflicted by slavery and of the persisting power of racial prejudice, and he was carefully attentive to the claims of corrective justice. IV, pp. Everyone would agree that education helps develop us into who we are and what we can become. 380382. Protagoras (pictured right) engaging in a public debate. He is set free, in an educational sense. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Argumentative Writing Overview & Facts | How to Write A Claim & Counterclaim, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Commas, Concluding Statements: Supporting Your Argument, How to Establish and Maintain a Formal Writing Style, How to Analyze an Argument's Effectiveness & Validity, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Verb Tense and Subject-Verb Agreement, Writing for An Audience: How to Structure Your Argument, How to Structure an Argument in Your Essay, Providing Effective Feedback on Writing Samples, Claim Statements in Arguments | Strong & Weak Reasons, Evidence, & Examples, How to Add, Subtract and Multiply Complex Numbers, Supporting Claims with Evidence & Reasoning | How to Write a Claim Statement, Citing Textual Evidence to Support Analysis, The Importance of Using Precise Language in Writing. This latter, of course, was the position of Lincoln and of the moderate center of the Free Soil and Republican parties during the 1850s. II, p. 235; Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. [9] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies (New York: Library of America, 1994), p. 286. Evidence is sourced facts, statistics, data, or quoted experts the author uses to provide factual support for their claims and reasoning. Claims of fact make assertions that can be proven or disproven with evidence. He condemned not only Americas Government, but also its Constitution for supporting and perpetuating this monstrous system of injustice and blood.[11]. Which words helped you convey information precisely? Slavery has been around since the 1700s, but the subject of slavery is controversial because it not only includes information written from former slaves, but information acquired from historians. All measures devisedto allay and diminish the antislavery agitation, have only served to increase, intensify, and embolden that agitation.[22]. Post comments: direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 Not only will people need to know where you got your evidence, they might even want to see it. Above all, the Constitution must be interpreted in light of its commitment to secure the blessings of liberty for all. After providing the thesis in the introduction, the author then spends the entire essay working to prove that claim through sub-claims (the central claim broken down into smaller chunks), reasoning, and evidence. The more difficult ones were put in place by Douglass in order to provide a deep and profound statement, without arousing too much opposition. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. [24] Douglass, The Late Election, December 1860, in Life and Writings, Vol. [If] the Negro cannot stand on his own legs, let him fall. That's your mom's counterclaim. How would you expect obdurate people to respond to advertisements? Slavery was established by religious law. The voting right was, for Douglass, the keystone of the arch of human liberty, as it was the primary, indispensable means of guarding every other right. In this respect, what is notable in Douglasss advocacy of education reforms is that whereas he justified them primarily as the payment of a debt due specifically to those formerly enslaved and their relationsspecifically to black Americanshe proposed the payment of that debt by a policy framed in nonracial terms, designed to benefit Americans irrespective of race. [36] The Present and Future of the Colored Race in America, May 1863, in Life and Writings, Vol. In these three stories, as well as in a sizable number of other articles, lectures, and letters, Douglass strongly advocated against slavery. [3] William Jefferson Clinton, Memphis Church of God in Christ Convention Speech, November 13, 1993, at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm (November 8, 2010).