Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. In 1943, the Nazis began drafting women because of the shortage of guards. I PROMISE. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. A 95-year-old woman who worked for the commandant of a Nazi concentration camp has been charged in north Germany with aiding . It was claimed that she beat women inmates to death and whipped others to within an inch of their lives using a plaited cellophane whip, a belt and a walking stick. PoznaGniezno 2011, page 131 . The 92-year-old Israeli citizen traveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder at Stutthof from 1944 to. [39] On 28 September 2021, Frau Furchner left her home in Hamburg and failed to show for her hearing, she was captured on 30 September 2021 and the hearing was rescheduled for 19 October 2021. Support the channel by subscribing, liking, and sharing. Stutthof was the first camp outside German borders, in operation from 2 September 1939, and the last camp liberated by the Allies on 9 May 1945. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. 99 . The first trial was held from 25 April to 31 May 1946, against 30 ex-officials and prisoner-guards of the camp. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. Journey time by bus is about 80 minutes and costs 14.50z. Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. Grese, who was passing on a bicycle, immediately got off, took off her leather belt and beat the woman with it. a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of complicity in the murder of more than 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp located in occupied Poland. She kicked me so hard that I fell. A practice was established to tattoo the inmates with identification numbers. [4], Stutthof was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders in World WarII, in operation from 2 September 1939. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. Contents Tour to stutthof concentration camp Camp Staff Prisoners Conditions The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. Another former Nazi camp guard, who is 101-years-old, was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 3,500 cases at the . Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. There were also Polish Jews from Warsaw and Bialystok, and Jews from forced-labor camps in the occupied Baltic states, which the Germans evacuated in 1944 as Soviet forces approached. The rest of the prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. Sadistic Koch - known as the Witch of Buchenwald - was just one of many women who murdered, maimed and tortured Jewish prisoners in the Holocaust. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. ch LOTTERIA NAZIONALE E-MAIL PREMIO VOTO 2010 Le stato assegnato la somma di 750.000,00 sterline alla lo. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. The Holocaust Encyclopedia estimates that (less officially) some 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central Poland. It was liberated by the British army on April 15th, 1945. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. In total, of the approximately 2,000 SS men and women who ran the entire camp complex, 72 SS officers and six female overseers were brought to justice. This days condemned camp commandant Johann Pauls, five male kapos, and five female guards were the product of the first of four Stutthof trials held in 1946-1947. Many drowned along the way. When the guilty verdict came in, she declared, Life is indeed a pleasure, and pleasures are usually short.. 2023 BBC. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Irmgard Furchner, who was in her late teens when she worked in the Stutthof camp, was convicted as the authorities make a. Cut off by advancing Soviet forces the Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. By the end of the war at least 110,000 were deported there, including Jewish detainees and Soviet prisoners of war. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. (06.11.2018), The man is accused of being complicit in the deaths of 5,230 inmates during a period of almost a year working as a guard at the Stutthof concentration camp. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. Now 97, she has been found guilty of aiding and abetting the murders of more than 10,500 detainees. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. DW sends out a daily selection of hard news and quality feature journalism. Naukowiec w III Rzeszy [Professor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960: A Scientist in the Third Reich], Piotr Semkw", Soap from Human Fat: The Case of Professor Spanner, "The Danzig Soap Case: Facts and Legends around "Professor Spanner" and the Danzig Anatomic Institute 1944-1945", "Zakoczono ledztwo w gonej "sprawie profesora Spannera", "Human Fat Was Used to Produce Soap in Gdansk during the War", "Stutthof (Sztutowo): Full Listing of Camps, Poland", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "Johann Rehbogen: Former SS guard, 94, on trial over deaths at Stutthof concentration camp", "German court stops trial of former death-camp guard", "German court: Trial of Nazi guard unlikely to be restarted", "Former Nazi camp guard to go on trial in Hamburg", "Nazi concentration camp guard convicted over 5,232 murders", "96-Year-Old Former Nazi Death Camp Secretary Goes on Trial Over Murders of 11,000 People - October 20, 2021", "German Court to Try 96-Year-Old Over Time at Nazi Concentration Camp", "German Court Convicts 97-Year-Old Ex-Secretary At Nazi Camp - December 20, 2022", "Poland asked to explain naked Nazi gas chamber video", "Outrage Over Naked Game of Tag Played in Nazi Gas Chamber", "Outrage Over Museum's Video-Art Display of a Nude Game of Tag in Gas Chamber", Stutthof National Museum. One such guard was Jenny Barkmann, who earned the moniker Beautiful Spectre.. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. Many prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as DAW (Deutsche Ausrstungswerke, literally the 'German Equipment Works'), the heavily guarded armaments factory located inside the camp next to prisoner barracks. Stutthof Concentration Camp. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. A crematorium and gas chamber[9] were added in 1943, just in time to start mass executions when Stutthof was included in the "Final Solution" in June 1944. The death sentences were carried out on July 4, 1946 at the Biskupia Grka in Gdask, by short-drop hanging.[3]. Among 110,000 prisoners were Jews from all of Europe, members of the Polish underground, Polish civilians deported from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising, Lithuanian and Latvian intelligentsia, Latvian resistance fighters, psychiatric patients, Soviet prisoners of war,[3] and communists (as an example of communist deportations to Stutthof, see the Danish Horserd camp). As I was lying on the ground she kept kicking. The next three trials took place at the same court in October 831, 1947, November 510, and in November 1929 of that year. View the list of all donors. Camp's Commandant Johann Pauls - death by hanging 2. from. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. Basic Information", "Review of Profesor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. In total, the sub-camps held 110,000 prisoners from 25 countries according to the Jewish Virtual Library. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. Kobyla kicked me, and I still bear the scars. Twenty-seven ex-officials and guards were arraigned and judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; 19 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. One prominent inmate and survivor of the Stutthof concentration camp was member of parliament for the Communist Party of Denmark Martin Nielsen, who detailed his deportation to, experience in and ensuing death march from the camp in his book Rapport fra Stutthof ('Report from Stutthof'). Hitler shot his brains out in despair. $156.33. The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. Ten were sentenced to death. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. The major subcamps were in Toru (Thorn) and in Elblg (Elbing). Often described as one of historys cruellest women, Elizabeth Volkenrath selected thousands of women and children to be sent to the gas chambers. He added that his "work" had involved cleaning the crematorium, which meant loading bones and other burnt remains onto a cart to be thrown into a trench. Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. Yolanda Saldvar, The Obsessed Fan Who Murdered Se, 5 Of The Most Infamous Cults in US History, History and Culture of the Blackfeet Nation, Did Pharaoh Akhenaten lay the foundation for Abrah. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. [3] The first executions were carried out on 11 January and 22 March 1940 89 Polish activists and government officials were shot. When Jenny Barkmann arrived in 1944, she quickly proved herself to be a perfect Nazi guard. [19][28] It was also added that Spanner was arrested twice after the war but released after each time after explaining how he had conducted the maceration and injection process of his models and was declared "clean" by the denazification program in 1948, officially exonerated, and resumed his academic career. [17] Between 63,000 and 65,000 people died in the camp. Not all of the Stutthof camp remains and the site is now a memorial. Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. Do you know this baby? Although young, he remembers becoming part of an indispensable group of 300 prisoners who spent a year repairing railway tracks at junctions blown up by Allied forces. Selection of monographs in PDF, Memorial to the Victims of the Stutthof Concentration Camp, Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Zbrodnie hitlerowskie w obozie koncentracyjnym Stutthof: liczba ofiar w wietle rde i bada: prba bilansu, SS Main Economic and Administrative Office, International Youth Meeting Center in Owicim/Auschwitz, Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_concentration_camp&oldid=1141333869, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Matzkau in Makowy (now within city limits of Gdask), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 14:55. The well known Nuremberg Trials were only concerned with concentration camps as evidence for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Third Reich leadership. A report by the Seventh Army, written by Lieutenant Colonel Walter J. Fellenz, mentions a total of 17 guards killed. Many were former waitresses, cooks, and hairdressers who job postings in the newspaper. She earned a horrific legacy and nickname despite only working for a year. Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims? Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. [33][34] He was charged as a juvenile, as he was under 21 at the time of the offense. Braunstein was sentenced to three years in jail by a British court in 1958 and emigrated to the US, where she married a construction worker. If I ever meet up with you I WILL kill you. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. English: Execution of Stutthof concentration campoverseers at Biskupia Grka(from left to right): Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaffand Gerda Steinhoff, further the guard SS-OberscharfhrerJohann Pauls(the chief of the work detail "Waldkolonne") and Polish kapos Date 4 July 1946 Source Some prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as the German Equipment Works (DAW), located near the camp. More than 6,000 camp guards and personnel were trained there before being sent out to work at other camps. She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945.
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